The 400G optical module is a high-speed optical communication product. Its main function is to realize the conversion of optical and electrical signals and ensure the efficient transmission of data in high-speed optical fiber networks. Compared with 100G optical modules and 200G optical modules, the 400G optical module not only provides higher data throughput, but also has higher integration, lower power consumption and longer transmission distance. It adopts more advanced modulation and multiplexing technologies, which can meet the high bandwidth requirements of ultra-large-scale supercomputing centers and intelligent computing centers. At the same time, it optimizes the cost of network construction and improves the reliability and stability of the network.
Electrical Signal Input and Modulation:
The 400G optical module receives high-speed electrical signals from network devices (such as switches or routers), and converts these electrical signals into optical signals through modulation technologies (50G PAM4 or 100G PAM4). PAM4 (Four-level Pulse Amplitude Modulation) is a common signal modulation method. By dividing the data stream of a single channel into multiple different amplitude levels, it increases the data transmission rate, thus achieving higher data throughput within a limited bandwidth.
Optical Signal Transmission: The modulated optical signal is emitted into the optical fiber via a laser (such as DFB, EML or silicon photonics chip) and transmitted over long distances at a high rate. To improve the bandwidth utilization, the 400G optical module typically employs multi-channel parallel transmission, such as the 4×100G or 8×50G mode. Each channel transmits different data streams respectively, enabling high-speed data transmission with a total rate of 400Gbps.
Optical Signal Reception and Demodulation: At the receiving end, the photodetector (such as PIN or APD detector) of the optical module converts the optical signal back into an electrical signal. Then, the signal undergoes equalization, noise reduction, demodulation, and error correction (FEC) through a DSP (Digital Signal Processing) chip, and finally outputs a stable high-speed electrical signal to the network device.
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